Answer
Data types such as grow-only counters and add-wins sets, which merge concurrent updates from different replicas automatically and always converge to the same value, are called CRDTs.
Also accepted: CRDT, conflict-free replicated data types, conflict-free replicated data type for CRDTs.
Why
They let every replica accept writes without coordination, which suits collaborative editing, counters and carts. Not every operation can be expressed that way, such as "only if the balance stays positive".